Aoyama T. 1999. Glucocorticoid-inducible gene expression in plants. In: Reynolds PHS, eds. Inducible gene expression in plants. Wallingford: CAB International, 4359. Aoyama T, Chua NH. 1997. A glucocorticoid-mediated transcriptional induction system in transgenic plants. The Plant Journal 11, 605612. Bohner S, Lenk I, Rieping M, Herold M, Gatz C. 1999. Transcriptional activator TGV mediates dexamethasone-inducible and tetracycline-inactivatable gene expression. The Plant Journal 19, 8795. Beckwith JR, Zipser D. 1970. The lactose operon. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. Benhamou N. 1996. Elicitor-induced plant defence pathways. Trends in Plant Science 1, 233240. Caddick MX, Greenland AJ, Jepson I, Krause KP, Qu N, Riddell KV, Salter MG, Schuch W, Sonnewald U, Tomsett AB. 1998. An ethanol inducible gene switch for plants used to manipulate carbon metabolism. Nature Biotechnology 16, 177180. Faiss M, Strnad M, Redig P, Dolezal K, Hanus J. 1996. Chemically induced expression of the rolC-encoded b-glucosidase in transgenic tobacco plants and analysis of cytokinin metabolism: rolC does not hydrolyze endogenous cytokinin glucosides in planta. The Plant Journal 10, 3346. Friedrich L, Lawton KA, Ruess W, Masner W, Specker N. 1996. A benzothiadiazole derivative induces systemic acquired resistance in tobacco. The Plant Journal 10, 6170. Galweiler L, Conlan RS, Mader P, Palme K, Moore I. 2000. The DNA-binding activity of Gal4 is inhibited by methylation of the Gal4 binding site in plant chomatin. The Plant Journal 23, 143157. Gatz C. 1997. Chemical control of gene expression. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 48, 89108. Gatz C. 1999. Use of the Tn10-encoded tetracycline repressor to control gene expression. In: Reynolds PHS, eds. Inducible gene expression in plants. Wallingford: CAB International, 1122. Gatz C, Frohberg C, Wendenburg R. 1992. Stringent repression and homogeneous derepression by tetracycline of a modified.
Gloves, surgical latex size 8 , sterile, disposable Gloves, surgical latex size 7 , sterile, disposable Gloves examination latex, medium disposable - box of 100 Umbilical tape, suture, 3mm wide, 100mm spool, cotton, non sterile. Urethral catheter, female, CH 12, 20cm. 2 eyes, disposable Mucus extractor, disposable 20 ml, sterile Suction tube, CH10, 53cm, straight, central opening, disposable. Suction tube, CH12, 53cm, straight, central opening, disposable. Syringe, 50ml, w conical tip, dispsosable. Suture , synthetic, absorb DEC3 2 0 needle semi-circled 3 8 round Gauze pad , sterile 12-ply 10 x 10 cm pack of 5 Cannula IV 20 G Tape , adhesive tape , roll, 2cm x 5 m Syringes , disposable , 10ml Syringes , disposable , 2ml Needles , disposable , 21 G Cotton wool , absorbent, non sterile 100gm Safety box for disposal of used syringes and needles by incineration Capacity 5 L boxes Polynor ; Sealed polyethylene Envelope , plastic 10 x 15 pack of 100 for drugs distribution ; -thickness 0.08mm Delivery set: Scissors, cord cutting, Busch, curved or fiat, 160mm, baby ; Dissecting scissors, Mayo, straight, B B, 17cm, SS. mother ; Tissue forceps, spring type, Ix2 teeth, 14.5cm, SS. Instrument tray, stainless steel approx 22 x8 x 4cm with Crossbar handle. Suture set: Dissecting scissors, Mayo, straight, B B, 17cm, SS. Needle holder, Mayo-Hegar, straight, narrow jaw, 16cm, box lock, multiple ratchet, SS Tissue forceps, spring type, Ix2 teeth, 15 cm, SS. Instrument tray, 20 x 10 x 3cm, with lid recessed Crossbar handle, for example, tetracycline indications.
Patients may start out asking about one brand, receive a prescription for a different brand after a friendly discussion, feel satisfied with the outcome, and then, when responding to a survey, recall the event as something other than a refusal by their doctors to prescribe what they had requested. Another possibility is that physicians had already made clear their own views of whether a particular drug was appropriate, and patients chose to make an explicit request mainly in situations where the physician had either encouraged the request or made clear that it was purely a matter of choice for the patient. These comments are consistent with the fact that 71% did not request a specific prescription, despite having discussed a drug because of an ad, and that both the Prevention and FDA surveys found very little evidence of any conflict or tension between patients and physicians in discussions about advertised drugs. Only 5% of respondents in the 1999 Prevention survey said that physicians were "not too willing" or "not willing at all" to talk to them about the drugs they had asked about.
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Figs. 1 to 6 show different stages of the clinical course including the acute onset and the development of pannus a n d scar. Figs. 7 and 8 show typical inclusion bodies. A sample of the clinical course is illustrated in C h where clinical changes a n d some l a b findings for volunteer 1 are presented. The approximate grades of each main finding are graphically expressed in the chart" Since No. 1 was the only volunteer with undamaged corneas, the development of pannus was carefully observed. Initial pannus was first found by slit lamp during the 4th week after inoculation. Pannus formation progressed for 3 months with the maximum extent of vascularization being 1 mm from the limbus. The pannus remained stationary until treatment was completed. Epithelial keratitis was seen during the formation of pannus but disappeared during the 4th month. Papillary hypertrophy was found after development of follicles and also persisted until completion of treatment. The acute symptoms in the left eye continued for 4 months and then gradually decreased. The follicles became gelatinous after 5 months and conjunctival scars, typical of trachoma, developed during the 8th month. The right eye of volunteer 1 remained normal for 41 ~ months, but then a trachomatous follicular conjunctivitis developed. Preauricular lymphadenopathy, papillary hypertrophy, pannus, and later scar formation were observed. The right eye was treated with oxytetracycline eye ointment during the 8th and 9th months and the left eye during the 9th month. Local treatment of both eyes was discontinued at the end of the 9th month. Both eyes had an acute reactivation of disease by the end of the 10th month. A course of sulfamethoxypyridazine for 1 month cleared up the recurrent disease. There remained some flat and transparent follicles and linear scars in the conjunctiva on the left and fine papillae and scars on the right at the end of 1 year's observation.
B pseudomallei is resistant in vitro to penicillin, amino-penicillins, first and second-generation cephalosporins, most aminoglycosides, macrolides and rifampicin.7 However it is susceptible in vitro to some third generation cephalosporins ceftazidime but also cefotaxime and ceftriaxone ; , carbapenems, chloramphenicol, tetracyclines, co-trimoxazole and some fluoroquinolones.7 It is also susceptible to beta-lactam beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations such as co-amoxiclav. The carbapenems show the greatest activity in terms of minimum inhibitory concentrations and are active against bacterial strains that have a reduced susceptibility to ceftazidime or co-amoxiclav.7 In Thailand, the standard therapy for confirmed cases of acute severe melioidosis was a combination of intravenous antibiotics, chloramphenicol 100mg kg per day ; , doxycycline 4mg kg per day ; and co-trimoxazole 60mg kg per day ; , but this had a high failure rate especially in septicaemic melioidosis.7 Ceftazidime is now the firstline drug of choice after several trials comparing the use of ceftazidime with the above "conventional regimen" showed that ceftazidime reduced mortality rates by 50 per cent.7 Ceftazidime has also been compared and topiramate.
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| Tetracycline antibioticsAdjustments to Provision for Income Taxes Contingency reserves: In certain instances during the periods being restated, the Company made errors in recording its reserves for tax contingencies. The Company believes there may have been inappropriate adjustments to its tax contingency reserves in 2001 and 2002. The Company has completed a review and has not been able to determine whether or not any of the errors in its tax contingency reserves being corrected in the restatement are related to inappropriate accounting. U.S. federal and state tax items: The Company identified a number of errors related to current and deferred federal and state taxes, and corresponding current and deferred tax expense. These errors included i ; not establishing deferred tax assets and, to the extent necessary, corresponding valuation allowances for net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards, ii ; not applying, or misapplying, the asset and liability approach for deferred taxes required under GAAP, iii ; not considering all relevant information at the date of issuance of the financial statements and iv ; not timely adjusting for differences between tax provisions and filed tax returns. Foreign tax items: The Company identified a number of errors related to current and deferred foreign taxes, and corresponding tax expense. These errors included i ; not establishing deferred tax assets and, to the extent necessary, corresponding valuation allowances for net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards, ii ; not applying, or misapplying, the asset and liability approach for deferred taxes required under GAAP, iii ; not considering all information available at the date of issuance of the financial statements, iv ; not timely adjusting for filed tax returns and v ; accounting for income taxes in certain jurisdictions on a cash basis. The following table presents the impact of the restatement adjustments described above on the provision for income taxes: % of Earnings Before Minority Interest and Income Taxes 2002 2001 16.4% ; 4.6 5.8 ; 14.2% 3.3% 1.1 Marketing, Selling and Administrative: Amortization of capitalized software Restricted stock grant amortization Other, net a ; Advertising and Product Promotion: Other, net a ; Research and Development: Reimbursement of clinical study expenditures Other, net a ; Equity in Net Income of Affiliates: ImClone -- share in losses Adjustments to Cash and Cash Equivalents Classification The Company has determined that certain investments under its cash management program were erroneously classified as cash equivalents on its consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2001 and 2002, and statement of cash flows for fiscal years 2001 and 2002, respectively. Approximately $0.9 billion and $1.6 billion of these investments were held by the Company and reflected as cash and cash equivalents on the Company's consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2001 and 2002, respectively. Although the Company believes these investments are highly liquid, because the maturities for these investments exceeded three months, the previous presentation in cash and cash equivalents was an error and the Company has restated prior periods to present these investments as marketable securities. The restatement adjustment to the Company's consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2002 decreased the amount of cash and cash equivalents by approximately $1.6 billion. The restatement adjustment to statements of cash flows increased the amount of net cash used in investing activities for the years ended December 31, 2001 and 2002 by approximately $0.9 billion and $0.7 billion, respectively. Adjustments to Other Expense, Net Classification The table below presents the restatement charges credits ; for certain amounts that had been classified in error and have been reclassified as part of the restatement from other expense, net, to the appropriate line item in the consolidated statement of earnings for the years ended December 31, 2002 and 2001.
Most important fact about this drug although applied only to the skin, some of this medication could be absorbed into the bloodstream; and it has been known to cause severe-sometimes even fatal-colitis an inflammation of the lower bowel ; when taken internally and tramadol!
Because of increased awareness of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections. The prevalence of tetracycline-resistant pneumococci remained high in our locality, being 72.7% in our study. This suggests routine susceptibility testing of pneumococcal isolates to this antibiotic may no longer be warranted, especially for hospital isolates. Multiple resistance is defined as the resistance to at least three different classes of antibiotics.13 It is found initially to be associated with hospitalized children receiving antibiotics in South Africa and Spain.13 At present, it is causing a significant problem in hospitalized adults in Spain as well.21 In Great Britain, the predominant group in which multiple resistant pneumococcal strains are found are elderly hospitalized patients exposed to multiple antibiotics for exacerbations of chronic bronchitis.22, 23 In our study, there were at least three isolates that were resistant to erythromycin, tetracycline and intermediately resistant to penicillin. However, due to insufficient clinical data, the relationship between the duration of hospitalization, exposure to antibiotics and the presence of resistance cannot be assessed. The distribution of penicillin-resistant pneumococci is now worldwide with an increasing trend.13 In Hong Kong, intermediate resistant strains seem to be emerging. In addition, tetracycline resistance remains unacceptably high. As for erythromycin, there is in creasing resistance, which may also be true for other commonly used antibiotics such as trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole. Hence, it may be appropriate at this stage to include other second-line antibiotics like third generation cephalosporins such as cefotaxime, ceftriaxone and cefoperazone in the routine susceptibility testing for hospital pneumococcal isolates. Knowledge in the epidemiology of resistant pneumococcal isolates in our locality may be enhanced in the future through the collaboration of clinicians and microbiologists. Finally, the standard treatment of pneumococcal infections may require review if the worrying trend towards antibiotic resistance continues.
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Drug Name Brands ACTHIB ADACEL APLISOL ATGAM ATTENUVAX VACCINE W DILUENT BOOSTRIX CARIMUNE NF COMVAX DAPTACEL DECAVAC DIPHTHERIA-TETANUS TOXOID ENGERIX-B FLEBOGAMMA GAMMAGARD S D GAMMAR-P.I.V. GAMUNEX HAVRIX HIBTITER IMOVAX RABIES VACCINE INFANRIX IPOL M-M-R II VACCINE W DILUENT M-R-VAX II VACCINE W DILUENT MENACTRA MENOMUNE-A C Y W W DILUENT VL MENOMUNE-A C Y W-135 MERUVAX II VACCINE W DILUENT MUMPSVAX VACCINE W DILUENT OCTAGAM PANGLOBULIN NF PEDIARIX PEDVAXHIB POLYGAM S D PROHIBIT RABAVERT RECOMBIVAX HB STAPHAGE LYSATE SPL ; TE ANATOXAL BERNA TETANUS DIPHTHERIA TOXOIDS TETANUS TOXOID TICE BCG TRIHIBIT.
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Revenues: Product Sales . Royalties, milestones, and license fees . Total revenues . Operating expenses: Cost of goods sold . Cost of royalties . Research and development . Selling, general and administrative . Restructuring charges note 7 ; Write down of long-lived assets note 8 ; Amortization of purchased intangibles note 5 ; Total operating expenses . Operating loss . Other income expense ; : Interest income . Interest expense note 9 ; Loss on disposition of equipment . Gain loss ; on sale of marketable investment securities . Foreign currency transaction gain . Other . Total other expense, net . Loss before income tax expense benefit ; . Income tax expense benefit ; note 12 ; Net loss . Basic and diluted net loss per common and potential common share . Weighted average common and potential common shares outstanding-- basic and diluted, for instance, tetracyclind calcium.
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Local administration to the condyle was performed by the method described by Itoh et al.12 Initially, each rat was anesthetized intraperitoneally with sodium pentobarbital. A small incision was made in the skin between the eye and ear and, after the occlusal muscles were moved aside, the location of the articular capsules of the temporomandibular joint was identified. Next, 0.02 ml of a solution of insulin-like growth factor I rhIGF-I, R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN ; at a concentration of 50 g was injected into the articular capsules on both sides in the rats in the experimental group using a tuberculin syringe 27 gauge needle, 0.75 inch syringe, Terumo, Tokyo, Japan ; . After these injections were complete, the incision in the skin was closed by suturing. The rats in the control group were injected similarly with an equivalent volume of physiological saline. These injections were performed three times at 7 day intervals and all of the rats were killed on the 7th day after the final administration. For vital staining, all of the rats were given a solution of tetracyclind 8 mg kg ; just before the administration of IGF-I or physiological saline. Similarly, a solution of calcein 5 mg kg ; was injected 5 hours before death. Thickness of the cartilaginous layer. In light microscopic observations, x- and y-axes were set up on undecalcified ground sections for histomorphometric measurement. The x-axis was defined as the line from the anterior edge between cartilage and bone point A ; to the posterior edge between cartilage and bone point B ; on the mid-sagittal plane of the condyle. The yaxis was defined as the line perpendicular to the x-axis that passed through point C, which fell at two-thirds of the distance from points A and B. The thickness of the cartilaginous layer of the condyle was measured as the distance from the articular surface to the bottom of the cartilaginous layer along the y-axis in each ground section using a micrometer under a light microscope Figure 1A ; . Percentage of bone area in the cancellous bone layer. To evaluate bone-remodeling activity in the subchondral cancellous bone layer, the ratio of bone area to total tissue percentage of the bone area ; within a 0.5x0.5 mm square was calculated under light microscope using image-analysis software Mac Scope, Mitani Corporation, Tokyo, Japan ; . The square was positioned so that its vertical edge was parallel to the y-axis of the ground section, and its upper horizontal edge was placed on the upper edge of the cartilage lacuna, which initially opened to the bone marrow Figure 1A ; . Amount of endochondral bone growth in condyle. Endochondral bone growth in the condyle during the experimental period was estimated by measuring the and zantac.
30. Reiter, R. J. 1995 ; : Neurochem. Int., 27, 453460. 31. Seabra, M. L., Bignotto, M., Pinto, L. R., Jr. and Tufik, S. 2000 ; : J. Pineal Res., 29, 193-200. 32. Sreepriya, M., Devaki, T. and Nayeem, M. 2001 ; : Indian J. Physiol. Pharmacol., 45, 428-434. 33. Thrall, K. D., Vucelick, M. E., Gies, R. A., Zangar, R. C., Weitz, K. K., Poet, T. S., Springer, D. L., Grant, D. M. and Benson, J. M. 2000 ; : J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A, 60, 531-548. 34. Turkdogan, M. K., Agaoglu, Z., Yener, Z., Sekeroglu, R., Akkan, H. A. and Avci, M. E. 2001 ; : Dtsch. Tierarztl. Wochenschr., 108, 71-73. 35. Wirth, K. J., Bickel, M., Hropot, M., Gunzler, V., Heitsch, H., Ruppert, D. and Scholkens, B. A. 1997 ; : Eur. J. Pharmacol., 337, 45-53.
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When tetracyclines are contraindicated or not tolerated, erythromycin is indicated for the treatment of uncomplicated urethral, endocervical, or rectal infections in adults due to chlamydia trachomati when tetracyclines are contraindicated or not tolerated, erythromycin is indicated for the treatment of nongonococcal urethritis caused by ureaplasma urealyticu legionnaires' disease caused by legionella pneumophil although no controlled clinical efficacy studies have been conducted, in vitro and limited preliminary clinical data suggest that erythromycin may be effective in treating legionnaires' disease and ceclor.
1 Delamothe T. Quality of websites: kitemarking the west wind. BMJ 2000; 321: 843-4. October. ; 2 Department of Health. Information for health: an information strategy for the modern NHS 1998-2005. London: DoH, 1998. 3 Charnock D. The DISCERN handbook: quality criteria for consumer health information. Oxford: Radcliffe Medical Press, 1998. 4 Charnock D, Shepperd S, Needham G, Gann R. DISCERN: an instrument for judging the quality of written consumer health information on treatment choices. J Epidemiol Community Health 1999; 53: 105-11.
TETRACYCLINES: Spectrum includes unusual organisms- Rickettsia, chlamydia, mycoplasma, Vibrio cholera, Brucella, Borrelia burgdorferii.many GNB, GPC, and some anarobes. Problems with resistance. May be able to use minocycline for MRSA. Toxicity includes rash, GI SFx, photosensitivity, increased uremia, impair bone growth of fetuses, stain teeth of children. CHLORAMPHENICOL: Very broad spectrum: GPC, GNB. anaerobes. Very good against meningitis organisms, active against Rickettsia spp. Not- Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Serratia, Proteus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. May have use against VRE. Toxicity- two types of hematologic reaction: dose related marrow toxicity, and idiosyncratic aplastic anemia - 1 25 000. Gray syndrome- abdominal distension, cyanosis, vasomotor collapse premature infants and liver failure pts. CLINDAMYCIN: Excellent anaerobic activity- increasing resistance 10-20% ; . Good for many strains of staph and strep, but emergence of resistance is common during therapy. No GNB or enterococcal coverage. Toxicities include rash and GI SFx. C.difficile colitis1-10%. METRONIDAZOLE: Covers most anaerobes, except peptostreptococci, Actinomycetes, Propionibacterium acnes. Good for some parasitic protozoa- Giardia lamblia, E.histolytica. Toxicity includes N V, neutropenia, disulfiram reaction, potentiation of warfarin and celecoxib and tetracycline.
Physical dependence is characterized by discomfort if drug administration suddenly stops, while psychological addiction is characterized by an overpowering craving for the drug for reasons other than pain relief.
A following challenge with atypical and classical furunculosis proved to be rather inconclusive. In a later experiment goldsinny were vaccinated in December with an oil-based trial vaccine made of formaldehyde-killed atypical Aeromonas salmonicida bacteria. As goldsinny are scarcely available in early spring, when the salmon smolts are put to sea, trials with winterstorage of goldsinny have been conducted. Simultaneous vaccination would give several advantages with the possibility of disease outbreaks being lower during the winter months, lower social interactions between the goldsinny, and a much longer immunization period 5-6 months ; compensating for a slower immune reaction caused by low water temperatures. The winter-vaccination experiment gave promising results as mortalities in vaccinated group receiving subsequent handling-stress was significantly lower than in unvaccinated groups. Challenge experiments with ip injection of atypical Aeromonas salmonicida however failed to demonstrate any effect of vaccination, but this method for challenge may be unsuitable. Treatment with antibiotics Given the high mortality caused by stress-induced outbreaks of atypical furunculosis and the difficulties in vaccinating the fish, a more applicable approach to reduce mortality could be treatment with antibiotics. An experiment using three different antibiotics to treat a natural outbreak of atypical furunculosis was therefore conducted in the laboratory. Three antibiotics were chosen on the basis of sensitivity studies of the bacteria isolate. Treatment was commenced when mortality caused by atypical furunculosis started. For each treatment 2x55 fish was used. Fish in two groups were ip. injected with 0.5 ml Tribrissen vet. 400 mg ml Sulfadiazine 80 mg ml Trimethoprim ; , and two with 0.5 ml Aquacycline vet. 50 mg ml Oxytetracycline ; . Two groups were bath treated with Flumequine 0.5 g l ; for three hours, and two groups kept as control. Dead and moribund fish were registered daily. At the termination of the experiment, 28 days after treatment, the cumulative mortality was 47.5 % both in control groups and Tribrissen injected groups. In the Flumequine treated groups mortality reached 34% while in the Aquacyclintreated groups mortality was only 14 and cleocin.
Book contains the following handwritten notation: Rob, Joe, Tim suggested sending this info to the reps. Your thoughts? B Following this notation is a chart comparing the AWPs for certain drugs published by various manufacturers, including Gensia. One example follows.
[596] Wilson, JR. Obstetrics and Gynecology 4th ed. St. Loius: CV Mosby Co., 1971. [597] Boston Women's Health Book Collective. Our Bodies, Ourselves New York: Simon and Schuster, 1973: 252. [598] 2nd edition, 1965. [599] Giacomini, M, P Rozee-Koker and F Pepitone-Arreola-Rockwell. "Gender Bias in Human Anatomy Textbook Illustrations." Psychology of Women Quarterly 10 1986 ; : 413-420. [600] Lawrence, SC and K Bendixen. Social Science and Medicine 35 1992 ; : 925-934. [601] Robbins, J. Reclaiming Our Health Tiburon, CA: HJ Kramer, 1996. [602] Mitford, J. The American Way of Birth New York: NAL Dutton, 1993: 95. [603] Boston Women's Health Book Collective. Our Bodies, Ourselves: 252.
Les dpenses nergtiques, mesures par calorimtrie directe lors d'activits de type sdentaire sont trs significativement corrles avec la masse maigre 10 ; . Par ailleurs, chez les personnes ges comme chez les adultes, les dpenses nergtiques, pour une mme activit physique, augmentent avec le poids corporel Tableau 3 ; 126 ; . Tableau 3 - Influence du poids corporel et de l'activit sur les besoins nergtiques de l'homme 126.
Doxycycline, a member of the tetracycline family, has been shown to reduce a type X collagen epitope as detected by immunohistochemistry with a monoclonal antibody in an avian explant culture system 1 ; . It was also shown to decrease collagenase and gelatinase activities and thus matrix degradation. This study investigates the effect of doxycycline on type X collagen synthesis in monolayer cultures of hypertrophic chondrocytes. Protein synthesis was evaluated by radioisotopic labeling during doxycycline, tetracycline, or minocycline treatment. Radiolabeled proteins were analyzed by gel electrophoresis, and total collagen was quantitated by hydroxyproline analysis. Additionally, the synthesis of type X collagen was measured by immunoprecipitation. Doxycycline was found to inhibit type X production more effectively than either of the other tetracyclines at comparable dose levels. Furthermore, type X collagen was inhibited more than other collagens, non-collagenous proteins and proteoglycans, with maximal inhibition at 80 g and an IC50 of 7 g ml. This inhibition by doxycycline was specific for type X collagen at 10 g ml, and the pattern was distinct from cycloheximide, a recognized inhibitor of protein translation. This suppression of type X collagen could not be overcome by excess extracellular calcium, conditions that have been demonstrated to induce synthesis of this protein 2.
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